The Harvard citation style is a widely used referencing system in academic writing. It employs the author-date system, which includes in-text citations and a reference list at the end of the document. This guide provides a detailed overview of how to cite various sources in Harvard style.

In-Text Citations

In Harvard style, in-text citations include the author’s last name and the year of publication. For direct quotes, include the page number.

Basic Format:

– Paraphrasing: (Author, Year)

– Example: (Smith, 2020)

– Direct Quote: (Author, Year, p. Page Number)

– Example: (Smith, 2020, p. 15)

Examples:

– One author: (Smith, 2020)

– Two authors: (Smith and Jones, 2020)

– Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2020)

Reference List

The reference list at the end of your document provides full details of all sources cited in your text. Entries should be listed alphabetically by the author’s last name.

Basic Format:

– Books: Author, A.A., Year. *Title of the book*. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher.

– Example: Smith, J., 2020. *Understanding Psychology*. 2nd ed. London: Psychology Press.

– Journal Articles: Author, A.A., Year. Title of the article. *Title of the Journal*, Volume number(Issue number), Page range.

– Example: Smith, J., 2020. Cognitive development in children. *Journal of Psychology*, 10(2), pp.123-135.

– Websites: Author, A.A., Year. Title of webpage. *Name of Site*. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

– Example: Smith, J., 2020. Understanding cognitive development. *Psychology Today*. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/understanding-cognitive-development (Accessed: 10 June 2020).

Common Source Types

Books

– Print Book: Author, A.A., Year. *Title of the book*. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher.

– Example: Smith, J., 2020. *Understanding Psychology*. 2nd ed. London: Psychology Press.

– E-Book: Author, A.A., Year. *Title of the book*. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

– Example: Smith, J., 2020. *Understanding Psychology*. 2nd ed. London: Psychology Press. Available at: https://www.publisher.com/ebook (Accessed: 10 June 2020).

Journal Articles

– Print Journal Article: Author, A.A., Year. Title of the article. *Title of the Journal*, Volume number(Issue number), Page range.

– Example: Smith, J., 2020. Cognitive development in children. *Journal of Psychology*, 10(2), pp.123-135.

– Online Journal Article: Author, A.A., Year. Title of the article. *Title of the Journal*, Volume number(Issue number), Page range. Available at: DOI/URL (Accessed: Date).

– Example: Smith, J., 2020. Cognitive development in children. *Journal of Psychology*, 10(2), pp.123-135. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1000/xyz123 (Accessed: 10 June 2020).

Websites

– Webpage with Author: Author, A.A., Year. Title of webpage. *Name of Site*. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

– Example: Smith, J., 2020. Understanding cognitive development. *Psychology Today*. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/understanding-cognitive-development (Accessed: 10 June 2020).

– Webpage with Group Author: Group Name, Year. Title of webpage. *Name of Site*. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

– Example: American Psychological Association, 2020. Understanding cognitive development. *APA*. Available at: https://www.apa.org/articles/understanding-cognitive-development (Accessed: 10 June 2020).

Formatting Guidelines

– General: Double-space all text, use a 1-inch margin on all sides, and apply a readable font (e.g., Times New Roman 12 pt).

– Title Page: Include the title, author’s name, and institutional affiliation.

– Headers: Include a header with the page number in the top right corner.

– Headings: Use clear and concise headings for different sections of your paper.

By following this Harvard citation guide, you can ensure your academic writing is properly cited and adheres to the standards of the Harvard referencing style. This will help maintain the credibility and integrity of your work.